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Joueur de l’Olympique de Marseille entre janvier et septembre 2022, Cédric Bakambu n’est pas parvenu à s’imposer sur la Canebière et il a rejoint l’Olympiakos à l'automne au terme d’un passage express au Stade Vélodrome. Après des débuts encourageants à l’OM (4 buts en 12 apparitions en Ligue 1 en 2021/2022), l’international congolais est progressivement rentré dans le rang. A l'issue de son départ, il avait réglé ses comptes en accusant le président Pablo Longoria de l’avoir plus que poussé vers la sortie en demandant par exemple à Igor Tudor de le faire jouer comme latéral à l’entraînement. Cette fois,…
L’article OM : Bakambu dévoile les raisons de son échec est apparu en premier sur Afrik-Foot.
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Preamble
Interest in the concept of “Tartaria” has grown in recent years, primarily due to the work of Moscow State University mathematicians Anatoly Fomenko and Gleb Nosovsky, who have been developing the “New Chronology” theory for over 40 years. Fomenko’s first work on the “New Chronology” was published in English by the British Library, Department of printed books, and some of his first books on the subject in Russian were published by Edwin Mellen Press in the US. At the same time, as some researchers note, the word “Tartaria” did not appear in their works immediately, but only about 20 years ago: in the book “Empire”, in the chapter “Great Tartaria and China”.
Subsequently, the theme of Great Tartaria, touched upon by them, was picked up first by Russian, and then by Western independent researchers. Over time, this theme attracted many authors, artists and various content creators, who began to bring more and more personal creativity to what could be learned about Tartaria. Thus, one of the significant information hubs dedicated to disseminating mainly New Age information about Tartaria is called tart-aria.info, immediately hinting that behind the word “Tartaria” are (tart-)arians. A couple of years ago, Bloomberg, one of the largest financial news agencies, published an article, “Inside the ‘Tartarian Empire,’ the QAnon of Architecture“, devoted entirely to this topic.
At the same time, many critics pointed out that the word “Tartaria” is just an obsolete version of the word “Tataria” and thus attempts to describe a certain Great Tartaria in isolation from the Tatars is a commonplace historical falsification. There are numerous ancient sources available online in which the words “Tartar” and “Tatar” occur simultaneously, in many of which expressions along the lines of “Tartars or Tartars” or “Tartars, or more correctly Tartars” can be clearly read. It may be noted that in response to this, some popular video bloggers successfully monetising the Great Tartaria theme even publish separate attempts to “debunk and refute” such criticism, thus attempting to dissociate the Tatars from the “Great Tart-aryans”.
The graphs of the mentions of the words “Tartaria” and “Tataria” in the English language, among the data digitised by Google corporation, show that the peak of the mentions of “Tartaria” was about 300-400 years ago, and the word “Tataria” first began to be mentioned regularly about 250 years ago. It was only during the Second World War that the use of the word “Tataria” began to prevail over the word “Tartaria”. This is demonstrated more clearly by the graphs of the mentions in English of the “Armenian-Tatar Massacre“, the bloody clashes in the Transcaucasus between Armenians and Azerbaijanis (referred to at the time as Transcaucasian Tatars in Russia and Transcaucasian Tartars in the West).
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The massacre was originally called “Armenian-Tartar” in the Western press, and it was only about 90 years ago that the reference to “Armenian-Tatar” became predominant.
From this perspective, the international academic seminar held in Tatarstan late last year on “From Tartar Empires to Peter’s Russian Empire” looks somewhat comical in its recursiveness. Perhaps this is an example of how historical phantomes are created in real time.
If not to try to disassociate the concepts of “Tartars” and “Tatars”, as it is suggested by academician Fomenko and his followers for some time, it would be possible to understand better what the Great Tataria was and for what reasons it could be forgotten.
The Germans and the Tatars
Today there is a barely perceptible, but close connection between the Germans and the Tatars. For example, over 100 German professors have worked at Kazan Federal University in Tatarstan in different years, and two rectors, Karl Fuchs and Ivan Osipovich Braun, were from Germany. The Geological Museum of the University is named after A.A. Stuckenberg and the Zoological Museum after E.A. Eversmann. In addition to Tatar mosques, there is a German Lutheran church in Kazan), located on Karl Marx Street. The German-Russian Institute of Advanced Technologies is also located here, in the capital of Tatarstan.
Many independent researchers conclude that among the current ruling small nations of the Russian Federation, the seemingly influential Jews and Armenians are mere managers, serving the interests of Germans and Tatars, the hidden hereditary owners of the PRAVITELSTVO RF, FKU private company (D-U-N-S® number: 53-129-8725). This may seem very likely when one considers exactly who has been issuing and distributing money in the Russian Federation for over 10 years: the Chairman of the Board of Sberbank of Russia, German Herman Oskarovich Gref, and the Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, Tatar Elvira Sakhipzadovna Nabiullina.
Before the Second World War, there was the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the USSR. And after the collapse of the USSR, the Republic of Tatarstan upstream of the Volga River did not sign the “Treaty on Delimitation of Subjects of Jurisdiction and Powers Between the Federal Bodies of State Power of the Russian Federation and the Sovereign Republics within the Russian Federation”, but it did not withdraw from the Russian Federation (only Chechnya also did the same, where a small group of Grebensky Tatars, descendants of the Grebensky Cossack Troops, had lived from old times). In addition, there were German colonies near the settlements of the Crimean Tatars 100 years ago in the Crimea. And beyond the Urals, in the Chelyabinsk region, the villages of Berlin), Leipzig) and Fershampenauaz were founded by the Nagaibaks – baptized Tatar Cossacks. Of course, these are not all examples of such links on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Not so long ago, the Tatar cultural influence spread much wider than it does today. For example, in the East, just a century ago, the inner part of the Forbidden City in Peking, surrounded by the “Сhinese City”, was called “Tartar City” (in the French it is still called so today). And in the west, in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in Rzeczpospolita, lived Polish-Lithuanian Tatars, mainly engaged in military service: there were several Tatar regiments in the army of Rzeczpospolita. After annexation of its lands to the Russian Empire Lithuanian-Tatar cavalry regiment was created. A squadron of Lithuanian Tartars was formed in the Imperial Guard of Napoleon, first under the command of Mustafa Mirza Akhmatovich and after his assassination near Vilnius – under the command of Samuel Urza Uhlan. In World War I, a regiment of Tatar cavalry fought as part of Józef Piłsudski’s Polish army. The uhlans were also well known: the New European light cavalry in the armies of Austria, Prussia and Russia. They got their name from the Tatar language, and were originally recruited from Polish-Lithuanian Tatars.
In Russian historiography, there is the concept of the “Tatar-Mongol yoke” (in Italian still called “Giogo tartaro” – Tatar oppression) and which is a key national-forming element of Russian history. That said, many alternative historians come to the view that in Russian history there is noticeably more evidence of the “Teutonic yoke” of the Oldenburg Romanov dynasty, settled in Ingermanland, while the “Mongol-Tatar yoke” was invented by the German historians they invited (Bayer, Müller, Schlözer and company), some 200 years ago. This is clearly confirmed by comparing the charts of references to the Tatar and Mongol empires in English.
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About 300 years ago, the English-speaking world began to write regularly about a certain Tatar empire, no longer existing as a concept today (although there is a little-known notion of a “Tatar confederation“), and about 200 years ago there began a gradual steady increase in references to the “Mongol Empire” and with it the gradual almost complete fading of the references to the Tatar one. Among them is the mention in the eighth part of the description of Turkey in Europe in the geographical reference book Thesaurus Geographicus by the Anglo-Dutch cartographer, engraver and publicist Herman Moll, published in almost modern English, it is claimed, more than 300 years ago:

The Allies of the TURKS, or Inhabitants of the LESSER TARTARY. … The City of Samarchamb in Usbech Giagathay, or Mawaralnara, is in the 43 Deg. of Latitude, and 105 of Longitude… It was the Native place of the Famous Emperor of the Tartars, Tamerlane.

Today, Tamerlane is considered to be a Timurid emperor, of “Turkic-Mongolian” origin. Some independent scholars consider that the Mongol Empire was fabricated in order to tweak the importance of the Turkic Mughal Empire for the benefit of the British East India Company at a time when the British throne was occupied by the German Hanover dynasty. The Mughals controlled most of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and south-eastern Afghanistan as recently as 200 years ago.
About 50 years ago Akib Uzbek formulated a “concept of Turkish ethnic nationalism” called the “16 Great Turkic Empires“, which included the Mughal Empire but did not include the Mongol Empire.
An English translation of a historical work by the Khan Abul-Ghazi of Khiva claimed that all Tatars pretend to be descended from Türk), the eldest son of Japheth (his eldest son is now considered to be Homer); Tatars is an exoethnonym, while Turks is an endoethnonym for this people. Today Tatar language belongs to the group of Turkic languages.
It is noteworthy that in addition to the Asian empires, the list of “16 Great Turkic Empires” also includes the so-called “European Empire of the Huns” (Avrupa Hun İmparatorluğu). Sometimes this empire is referred to as “Attila‘s Empire” and in modern reconstructions its borders extend to the western outskirts of present-day Germany.
References to the ruler of the Hun’s empire, believed to have lived more than a thousand and a half years ago, are still a regular occurrence in world popular culture, and in books in the German language it is almost 500 years old, assuming that all these books have been dated correctly. But mentions of his brother and joint ruler, Bleda, only begin to occur regularly around the last three centuries. Although the centre of the Hun’s empire was in what is now Hungary, only 350 years ago there were still fished out “Monstrous Tartars”, images of which were quite popular in Western Europe.
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The so-called, “first Mongol invasion of Hungary“, is in Hungarian itself called “Tatárjárás Magyarországon” (“Tatar Magyar tour”). Assuming that the historical “16 Great Turkic Empires” are interpretations of different parts of the once united Tatar empire scattered in the past, the co-reignment of Attila with Bled can be seen as a parallel to the dual union of Austria-Hungary, which, at the end of its existence, before the First World War, held a concession in Tianjin, the residence of the highest imperial dignitary, Manchurian viceroy Zhili.
The “16 Great Turkic Empires” also include the Khazar Khaganate, called “Reich der Khazaren” in Dutch, and “Khazar Imparatorliga” in Turkic. It is considered, that this Khaganate existed 1000 years ago, and his capital was destroyed by Kiev Prince Svyatoslav. At the same time, destroyed Khazar cities were often marked on European maps even 300 years ago. For example, on the map of French-Dutch cartographer Henri Chatelain, famous for the fact that he first mentioned the toponym “Ucraine” on his maps.
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Semender) is marked on this map as a small town in the territory of modern Dagestan, on the shore of the Caspian Sea, then called the “Dead Sea”. Eran Elhaik, an Israeli-American geneticist and bioinformatician, assistant professor at the Department of Bioinformatics at Lund University in Sweden, recently stated: “The Tatars have been proposed as some of the progenitors of Ashkenazic Jews“. That said, the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews is Yiddish, one of the varieties of German. If this is true, one can only guess who might be the “better half” of these Tatar ancestors of Eastern European Jews.